In recent years, South Korea has become known for its rapid economic development, high-tech industries, and strong education system. However, behind this success lies a quiet but serious problem: a rapidly declining population. With fewer babies being born and more people growing old, Korea now faces a national challenge that could affect every part of its society — from schools and workplaces to the economy and the future of its young people.
The most alarming sign of this issue is South Korea’s world-low fertility rate. In 2023, the average number of children a woman is expected to have in her lifetime dropped to just 0.72, far below the replacement level of 2.1. According to Statistics Korea, only about 230,000 babies were born that year — a sharp decrease compared to earlier decades. At the same time, the number of elderly people (aged 65 and over) is growing fast. By 2025, more than 20% of the population will be seniors, officially classifying Korea as a “super-aged society.”
There are many reasons behind this low birthrate. One major factor is the high cost of raising a child, including housing, education, and childcare. Many young people also face job insecurity and long working hours, making it difficult to plan for a family. In addition, social expectations — especially for women — often make it hard to balance work and family. As society changes, more people are choosing to stay single or focus on their careers instead of starting families.
This population decline brings serious consequences. With fewer students, some schools may close. A smaller working-age population means fewer people to support the economy, pay taxes, or care for the growing number of elderly citizens. Over time, this could lead to a weaker economy, more pressure on the younger generation, and less innovation.
The government has tried various solutions, such as financial support for families, parental leave policies, and housing programs for young couples. While these efforts are important, many experts believe that deeper changes are needed — including creating more family-friendly workplaces, reducing education pressure, and building a society where both men and women can balance work and home life.
In conclusion, Korea’s population crisis is not just about numbers. It is about the kind of society we want to live in. Solving this problem requires not only policy changes but also a shift in how we think about family, work, and the future. If we start now, it is possible to build a country where people feel safe, supported, and free to choose the lives they want — whether that includes children or not.
Junior Reporter Park Bo-Young
